AICAR

Overview

AICAR, or 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, is a compound of interest primarily in the field of metabolic and energy regulation research. It acts as an AMP analog, which allows it to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Researchers are particularly interested in AICAR for its potential effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism. However, it's essential to note that AICAR is not FDA-approved for any therapeutic use and is available only for research purposes. This regulatory status limits its application to laboratory settings and preclinical studies.

Given its mechanism of action, AICAR has been explored for its potential benefits in metabolic disorders and energy regulation. Despite the interest, its use is confined to research environments due to the lack of approval from regulatory bodies like the FDA. This compound is not legally available for clinical use, and any therapeutic claims should be approached with caution.

How It Works (Mechanism of Action)

AICAR functions primarily by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis. Activation of AMPK leads to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, and improved glucose uptake and metabolism. These effects are mediated through the AMPK signaling pathway, which influences various metabolic processes. Studies, such as those referenced in PMID 36670507, highlight the role of the Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway in regulating energy metabolism and stress responses.

Primary Uses

Metabolic Regulation

The primary interest in AICAR is its ability to mimic exercise by activating AMPK, thereby potentially improving metabolic health. This application remains in the research phase, with studies primarily conducted in animal models and in-vitro settings. No human clinical trials have provided conclusive evidence for its use in metabolic regulation.

Energy Regulation

AICAR's role in energy regulation is linked to its effects on mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism. Research, including studies like PMID 36048820, suggests potential benefits in enhancing cellular energy efficiency. However, these findings are based on preclinical research, and further studies are needed to establish clinical relevance.